Monolayer materials are substances that are arranged in a single layer of atoms or molecules. These materials have unique properties due to their two-dimensional structure, such as exceptional electrical conductivity, optical properties, and mechanical strength. Research in this area focuses on studying the properties and potential applications of monolayer materials in various fields, including electronics, photonics, and energy storage. Some common examples of monolayer materials include graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus. The study of monolayer materials is a rapidly growing field in materials science and nanotechnology, with the potential for groundbreaking discoveries and technological advancements.